The research progress of betaine in improving plant stress resistance and promoting growth and development. At present, the most widely studied one is betaine. In resisting stress, betaine has multiple functions: osmotic adjustment, scavenging active oxygen, maintaining the stability of biological membrane, protecting photosynthetic apparatus, maintaining the structure and function of macromolecular protein complexes and enzymes, etc.

It is very important for plants to gain resilience in the face of changing environment due to their fixed life. High salt, high temperature, low temperature, drought and strong light are the main abiotic stress factors affecting plant growth and productivity. Most cultivated crops are very sensitive to salinity, alkali, temperature, etc. Under long-term stress conditions, they will cause yield reduction or even death, causing damage to agricultural production.

Betaine is one of the most widely studied and effective soluble substances, which can improve the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses such as low temperature, high temperature, salt, drought and heavy metals. In this paper, the mechanism of betaine in improving plant resistance to abiotic stress, protecting plant photosystem and promoting plant growth and development were reviewed. Betaine has a broad application prospect in improving plant stress resistance and promoting plant growth and development.

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